LeetCode.225.Implement Stack using Queues 用队列实现栈
题目描述
225 Implement Stack using Queues
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/implement-stack-using-queues/
Implement the following operations of a stack using queues.
- push(x) – Push element x onto stack.
- pop() – Removes the element on top of the stack.
- top() – Get the top element.
- empty() – Return whether the stack is empty.
Example:
MyStack stack = new MyStack();
stack.push(1);
stack.push(2);
stack.top(); // returns 2
stack.pop(); // returns 2
stack.empty(); // returns false
Notes:
- You must use only standard operations of a queue – which means only push to back, peek/pop from front, size, and is empty operations are valid.
- Depending on your language, queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a queue.
- You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or top operations will be called on an empty stack).
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LeetCode.225.Implement Stack using Queues 用队列实现栈
解题过程
两个队列PushO(1)
PopO(n)
2个队列模拟栈,其中一个一直是空的。
push:放到非空队列尾部
pop:非空队列前n-1个元素入队到空队列,返回最后一个元素
empty:两个队列都是空则栈空
top:这里有个优化,使用一个成员变量tail保存最后一个入队的元素,top直接返回这个元素。在push和pop时都需要更新tail
push时间复杂度 O(1)
,pop时间复杂度 O(n)
private static class MyStack {
private Queue<Integer> q1;
private Queue<Integer> q2;
private Integer tail;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public MyStack() {
q1 = new LinkedList<>();
q2 = new LinkedList<>();
tail = null;
}
/** Push element x onto stack. */
public void push(int x) {
if (q1.isEmpty()) {
q2.offer(x);
} else {
q1.offer(x);
}
tail = x;
}
/** Removes the element on top of the stack and returns that element. */
public int pop() {
tail = null;
Queue<Integer> emptyQueue = q1.isEmpty() ? q1 : q2;
Queue<Integer> nonEmptyQueue = q1.isEmpty() ? q2 : q1;
int size = nonEmptyQueue.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
tail = nonEmptyQueue.poll();
emptyQueue.offer(tail);
}
return nonEmptyQueue.poll();
}
/** Get the top element. */
public int top() {
return tail;
}
/** Returns whether the stack is empty. */
public boolean empty() {
if (q1.isEmpty() && q2.isEmpty()) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
两队队列PushO(n)
PopO(1)
两队队列,一个一直为空。
如果想实现 Pop 时间复杂度为O(1)
,就得在入队的时候就把数据整理为栈的结构。
push:元素x放到空队列中,再把非空队列依次插入进来,就实现了最后插入的元素在队头
pop:直接非空队列出队
一个队列PushO(1)
PopO(n)
一个队列,队列中的元素按 先进先出 的顺序排列。
Push:正常入队
Pop:前n-1个元素循环插入队列末尾,q.offer(q.poll()),第n个元素出队返回
一个队列PushO(n)
PopO(1)
一个队列,队列中的元素按 后进先出 的顺序排列,即永远保持队头的元素是最后插入的
Push:插入队列尾部,然后前n-1个元素循环从头部出队后再插入尾部
Pop:直接出队即可
GitHub代码
algorithms/leetcode/leetcode/_225_ImplementStackUsingQueues.java
https://github.com/masikkk/algorithms/blob/master/leetcode/leetcode/_225_ImplementStackUsingQueues.java
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