Python-科学计算环境搭建
Python科学计算环境配置
2to3.py
几乎所有的Python2程序都需要一些修改才能正常地运行在Python3的环境下。为了简化这个转换过程，Python 3自带了一个叫做2to3的实用脚本(Utility Script)，这个脚本会将你的Python 2程序源文件作为输入，然后自动将其转换到Python 3的形式。这个脚本的位置位在Python安装的根目录下的 Python35\Tools\scripts\目录中。
-w参数，不加-w参数，则默认只是把转换过程所对应的diff内容打印输出到当前窗口而已。加了-w，就是把改动内容，写回到原先的文件了，同时会将原文件保存为文件名.bak做备份。
将当前目录下的python2源码transform.py转换为python3：2to3.py -w transform.py
执行完后transform.py变为python3格式源码，同时生成transform.py.bak
将E:\ipv6–master\下的所有python2代码转换为python3：python 2to3.py -w E:\ipv6--master\
pip
pip freeze 命令可查看通过pip安装了哪些包，分别是什么版本
D:\python.code\4.RandomForest>pip freeze
backports.weakref==1.0rc1
bleach==1.5.0
cycler==0.10.0
html5lib==0.9999999
Keras==2.0.5
Markdown==2.2.0
matplotlib==2.1.0
numpy==1.13.0+mkl
pandas==0.20.2
protobuf==3.3.0
pyparsing==2.2.0
python-dateutil==2.6.0
pytz==2017.2
PyYAML==3.12
scikit-learn==0.18.1
scipy==0.19.0
six==1.10.0
tensorflow==1.2.0
Theano==0.9.0
Werkzeug==0.12.2python3 Windows安装
从官网 https://www.python.org/ 下载Python3.5.3 Windows版安装文件 python-3.5.3-amd64.exe 安装，勾选Add Python 3.5.3 to PATH加入环境变量，其他默认安装即可。
默认会安装：Documentation，pip，tcl/tk and IDLE，Python test suite，py launcher
默认安装目录为：C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35
安装完成后打开CMD命令窗口，输入python，出现python版本提示并进入python交互环境说明安装成功，如下：
C:\Users\MaSi>python
Python 3.5.3 (v3.5.3:1880cb95a742, Jan 16 2017, 16:02:32) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>若提示”python不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件”说明PATH环境变量没配置，手动将python安装目录加入PATH环境变量。
numpy安装
从 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/numpy 下载numpy-1.13.0
numpy和python是有版本对应关系的，由于我们的Python装的是python-3.5.3-amd64版，所以在这里要选用amd64并对应cp35，下载numpy-1.13.0-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl 安装包
CMD命令窗口中使用pip install安装，如下：
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install d:软件\\Python\\numpy-1.13.0-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl
Processing d:\软件\python\numpy-1.13.0-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.13.0scipy安装
从 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下载scipy-0.19.0 的Windows安装包 scipy-0.19.0-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
CMD命令窗口中使用pip install安装，如下：
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install d:软件\\Python\\scipy-0.19.0-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
Processing d:\软件\python\scipy-0.19.0-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.8.2 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from scipy==0.19.0)
Installing collected packages: scipy
Successfully installed scipy-0.19.0安装成功后，在python环境下执行命令import scipy，报错：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\MaSi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\scipy\__init__.py", line 61, in <module>
from numpy._distributor_init import NUMPY_MKL # requires numpy+mkl
ImportError: cannot import name 'NUMPY_MKL'原因是安装的numpy中不包含MKL包，在 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下载Numpy+MKL安装包numpy-1.13.0+mkl-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl，然后卸载刚安装的numpypip uninstall numpy-1.13.0-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl
重新安装numpy-1.13.0+mkl-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl，
安装成功后，在python环境下执行命令import scipy，成功。
https://www.zhihu.com/question/30188492/answer/125707763
scikit-learn安装
Scikit-learn requires:
Python (>= 2.6 or >= 3.3),
NumPy (>= 1.6.1),
SciPy (>= 0.9).
从 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下载Scikit-learn-0.18.2 的Windows安装包 scikit_learn‑0.18.2‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl
CMD命令窗口中使用pip install安装，如下：
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\scikit_learn-0.18.1-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\scikit_learn-0.18.1-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: scikit-learn
Successfully installed scikit-learn-0.18.1安装成功后进入python命令行执行命令from sklearn import datasets，不报错说明安装成功。
theano安装
在安装keras之前，要先安装numpy，scipy和theano，因为keras是基于theano向上开发的，所以要安装keras先安装theano。
从 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下载Theano-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl安装
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\Theano-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\theano-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.14 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Theano==0.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9.1 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Theano==0.9.0)
Collecting six>=1.9.0 (from Theano==0.9.0)
Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six, Theano
Successfully installed Theano-0.9.0 six-1.10.0安装完在python命令行执行import theano提示没有安装g++：
>>> import theano
WARNING (theano.configdefaults): g++ not available, if using conda: `conda install m2w64-toolchain`
WARNING (theano.configdefaults): g++ not detected ! Theano will be unable to execute optimized C-implementations (for both CPU and GPU) and will defau
lt to Python implementations. Performance will be severely degraded. To remove this warning, set Theano flags cxx to an empty string.解决方法是安装MinGW，然后将mingw安装目录中的bin目录添加到PATH环境变量，因为里面有g++.exe
我本机已经安装了cygwin64，其中也有g++.exe，将其中的bin目录加入PATH环境变量也可以。
之后在python命令行执行import theano报出一堆错误信息。
安装keras
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\Keras-2.0.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\keras-2.0.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Keras==2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: theano in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Keras==2.0.5)
Collecting pyyaml (from Keras==2.0.5)
Downloading PyYAML-3.12-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl (195kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 1.4MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9.1 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from theano->Keras==2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.14 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from theano->Keras==2.0.5)
Installing collected packages: pyyaml, Keras
Successfully installed Keras-2.0.5 pyyaml-3.12安装tensorflow
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\Keras-2.0.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\keras-2.0.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Keras==2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: theano in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from Keras==2.0.5)
Collecting pyyaml (from Keras==2.0.5)
Downloading PyYAML-3.12-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl (195kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 1.4MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9.1 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from theano->Keras==2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.14 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from theano->Keras==2.0.5)
Installing collected packages: pyyaml, Keras
Successfully installed Keras-2.0.5 pyyaml-3.12
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\tensorflow-1.2.0-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\tensorflow-1.2.0-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10.0 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Collecting backports.weakref==1.0rc1 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading backports.weakref-1.0rc1-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting html5lib==0.9999999 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading html5lib-0.9999999.tar.gz (889kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 890kB 1.0MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.11.0 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Collecting protobuf>=3.2.0 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading protobuf-3.3.0.tar.gz (271kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 276kB 1.0MB/s
Collecting wheel>=0.26 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (66kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.4MB/s
Collecting markdown==2.2.0 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading Markdown-2.2.0.tar.gz (236kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 245kB 1.3MB/s
Collecting bleach==1.5.0 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading bleach-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.10 (from tensorflow==1.2.0)
Downloading Werkzeug-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 317kB 1.1MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from protobuf>=3.2.0->tensorflow=
=1.2.0)
Installing collected packages: backports.weakref, html5lib, protobuf, wheel, markdown, bleach, werkzeug, tensorflow
Running setup.py install for html5lib ... done
Running setup.py install for protobuf ... done
Running setup.py install for markdown ... done
Successfully installed backports.weakref-1.0rc1 bleach-1.5.0 html5lib-0.9999999 markdown-2.2.0 protobuf-3.3.0 tensorflow-1.2.0 werkzeug-0.12.2 wheel-0
.29.0安装pandas
C:\Users\MaSi>pip install "d:软件\\Python\\pandas-0.20.2-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl"
Processing d:\软件\python\pandas-0.20.2-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.7.0 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from pandas==0.20.2)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2 (from pandas==0.20.2)
Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 194kB 605kB/s
Collecting pytz>=2011k (from pandas==0.20.2)
Downloading pytz-2017.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (484kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 585kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\masi\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2->pandas==0.
20.2)
Installing collected packages: python-dateutil, pytz, pandas
Successfully installed pandas-0.20.2 python-dateutil-2.6.0 pytz-2017.2上一篇 Markdown 语法简介
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